Hay tantísima ropa "low cost" acumulada en el basurero de Atacama que ya se puede ver desde el espacio

Hay tantísima ropa "low cost" acumulada en el basurero de Atacama que ya se puede ver desde el espacio

* xataka.com * #android #tech #tecnologia

Una imagen vale más que mil palabras. Y que mil datos también. Incluso cuando esas palabras o datos son rotundos. La firma Skyfi acaba de reconfirmar esa vieja máxima con la última foto satelital que ha tomado en el desierto de Atacama, en Chile. Lo llamativo de la imagen es que muestra algo más que una vasta extensión de tierras pardas y resecas, lo que cabría esperar en la zona. Su sonda ha captado una especie de mosaico multicolor que delata el megavertedero de ropa desechada que toma forma allí desde hace años. Un recordatorio de que nuestros desmanes con la fast fashion, la moda low cost y el consumo acelerado y desenfrenado genera problemas que empiezan a ser ya visibles incluso desde el espacio.

Si es que ya lo dice el refrán: donde esté una imagen…

Una montaña visible desde el espacio. Desde el espacio se pueden ver cordilleras, mares, lagos, llanuras, rías… Y también, como nos acaba de mostrar Skyfi, una peculiar montaña que ha ido tomando forma a lo largo de los últimos años en el desierto de Atacama. Peculiar por su naturaleza. Lo que la "alimenta" son las toneladas y toneladas de ropa que acaban arrojadas allí cada año.

Su existencia no es ninguna novedad. Ya en su día os hablamos de cómo Atacama se estaba convirtiendo en un vertedero de ropa desechada, una gigantesca prueba a "escala XXL" de los efectos de una industria de la moda acelerada y el consumismo de ritmo frenético. Lo novedoso (y alarmante) es que acabamos de comprobar que hay una pila de basura de tal calibre que puede apreciarse con un satélite.

¿Y qué muestra la foto? Un enorme problema. Enorme y creciente. La imagen la ha compartido en su blog oficial la propia Skyfi, una compañía con sede en Texas que ofrece fotos satelitales de alta resolución a demanda a través de su aplicación, Earth Observation. Tras identificar las coordenadas del vertedero de Atacama a través de su canal de Discord, los técnicos de Skyfi lo localizaron y retrataron en una imagen de muy alta resolución (VHR) con ayuda de un satélite.

El resultado —explican desde la compañía— "muestra lo grande que es la pila en comparación con la ciudad [situada] en la parte inferior de la imagen". "El tamaño del vertedero y la contaminación que genera son visibles desde el espacio", recalca la empresa. Su retrato muestra de hecho un avance considerable con respecto a las imágenes que aporta del mismo punto el servicio de Google Earth, en cuyos mapas la zona aparece identificada como Giant Pile of Unsold Cloting, a no demasiada distancia al norte del núcleo urbano de la ciudad de Alto Hospicio.

Pero… ¿Qué ha retratado? El que tal vez sea uno de los recordatorios más grandes y molestos del impacto medioambiental de la fast fashion. El problema lo retrató con claridad la agencia AFP en 2021: cada año se desembarcan en el puerto de Iquique, en Alto Hospicio, al norte de Chile, 59.000 toneladas de ropa que llega "rebotada" de mercados extranjeros. Buena parte se fabrica en China o Bangladesh y pasa primero por Europa, Asia o EEUU antes de acabar en Chile. Al país llegan prendas de segunda mano y otras que incluso no se han vendido.

AFP asegura que una parte de esa ingente cantidad de mercancía termina en manos de comerciantes de la capital, Santiago de Chile, y otra pasa de contrabando a países de América Latina. Un buen pellizco de la ropa sin embargo, alrededor de 39.000 toneladas, se dirige sin embargo a vertederos en el desierto. En primavera National Geographic apuntaba un ciclo similar: en Iquique las prendas se dividen en categorías en función de su calidad para luego exportarlas a Panamá, República Dominicana, Asia, África o incluso EEUU. El resto acaba en tiendas, mercadillos o el mercado al aire libre de La Quebradilla. Si no interesa, se deja en el desierto.

¿Cómo de preocupante es el problema? "Esta ropa llega de todas partes del mundo", reconocía a AFP Alex Carreño, exempleado del área de importación del puerto. Los cálculos replicados por la BBC apuntan en la misma dirección: más de la mitad de las 59.000 toneladas de ropa que llegan al país termina en vertederos clandestinos. NG comenta que en 2022 Iquique, donde los operadores encuentran condiciones fiscales ventajosas, recibió un flujo considerable de mercancía.

¿Por qué acaban en vertederos?  Porque esas prendas son algo más que descartes o productos rebotados que nadie ha querido: suponen un gigantesco quebradero de cabeza medioambiental, todo un reto para la gestión de residuos. "La ropa no es biodegradable y tiene productos químicos, por lo que no es aceptada en los rellenos sanitarios municipales", explica Franklin Zepeda, impulsor de una empresa, EcoFibra, que precisamente elabora paneles aislantes con prendas.

Cuando las autoridades chilenas analizaron el problema se toparon con que, además de desechos textiles, cerca de Alto Hospicio se habían abandonado otros residuos como "llantas, repuestos de vehículos y electrónicos". La situación en la región no es solo lo suficientemente alarmante como para apreciarse ya desde el espacio. Ha motivado también quejas formales, como una demanda que censura las "conductas negligentes" y ha puesto en marcha a las autoridades.

¿Es un problema exclusivo de Atacama? No. A las afueras de la capital de Ghana se ha formado también un importante vertedero que se nutre sobre todo de residuos textiles. El problema de la fast fashion, de la moda low cost y el consumo acelerado y desmedido de prendas es lo suficientemente grave como para que hace años ya los técnicos de Naciones Unidas alertasen de que sus consecuencias van mucho más allá del mercado: "La moda es una emergencia ambiental y social".

Según los cálculos que manejaba la ONU en 2018, la industria textil es uno de los grandes responsables de la contaminación plástica en los océanos y su impacto es rotundo: pese a que apenas el 3% de las tierras de cultivo del mundo se destinan al algodón, por ejemplo, es responsable del 24% de los insecticidas y cerca del 11% de los pesticidas. Hay más datos para la reflexión: entre 2000 y 2014 la producción de ropa se duplicó. En 2018 la ONU identificaba que el consumidor medio compraba un 60% más que hacía 15 años pero conservaba sus prendas la mitad de tiempo.

Ahora tenemos algo más que datos. Tenemos imágenes.

Imagen de portada: Skyfi

En Xataka: Tiramos a la basura un 811% más de ropa que en 1960. Y eso también se está cargando el planeta


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Segun xataka.com

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    Phospho-proteomic analysis revealed substantial changes within the phosphorylation of Mcm4, Mcm2, Mcm6 and Dbf4 (Fig. 5c,
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    Substrate interaction region I (SI) consists of the Dbf4 N-terminal section (aa111–220), which corresponds
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    E Simplified model of (c) exhibiting a step-wise hypothetical mechanism of Mcm4 substrate localisation and processive phosphorylation. The region labelled 1, features part of Dbf4 SCR which varieties a hook (lasso) across the inflexible surface of Mcm4. The area labelled 2, features an encircled Mcm4 versatile tail that gets threaded by way of the kinase. The lacking structural regions are represented as dotted strains and resolved regions as solid traces. Kinases regularly type fleeting interactions with their substrates. DDK is uncommon, because it varieties a steady advanced with MCM2-7 DH, which helps efficient phosphorylation of N-terminal tails of Mcm2, Mcm4 and Mcm612,thirteen. The DDK–MCM2-7 interactions stabilise flexible areas in Dbf4 and Cdc7, which tremendously supported the structural analysis of the general kinase complex and allowed us to explain the dynamic substrate engagement in immense element.
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